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Soil Baselines

You cannot establish species-rich grassland on soil loaded with artificial fertiliser. The baseline dictates the trajectory.

The Phosphorus Problem

Decades of intensive farming leave a legacy of high Phosphorus (P) indices. High fertility favors aggressive competitive grasses (Ryegrass, Cocksfoot) which outcompete delicate wildflowers. If you buy land with a P Index of 3 or 4, you must spend 5-10 years 'nutrient stripping' (cutting and removing silage without fertilising) before sowing seed.

Phosphorus Index (Olsen P) Wildflower Suitability Action Required
Index 0 - 1 (< 15mg/l)ExcellentImmediate sowing viable
Index 2 (16-25mg/l)Poor2-3 years nutrient stripping
Index 3+ (> 26mg/l)Toxic5+ years stripping or deep plough inversion

Always demand soil test results before completion. Use the Soil Carbon Baseline Model to estimate initial carbon stocks, and the Seed Cost Modeler to budget for inoculation.